{"id":2176,"date":"2024-02-16T14:16:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-16T14:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/?p=2176"},"modified":"2024-02-18T14:16:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-18T14:16:25","slug":"hoditas-konyvvel-az-irasbeliseg-forradalma-a-romai-birodalomban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/?p=2176","title":{"rendered":"\u201eH\u00f3d\u00edt\u00e1s k\u00f6nyvvel\u201d \u2013 Az \u00edr\u00e1sbelis\u00e9g forradalma a R\u00f3mai Birodalomban"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00d3kortudom\u00e1nyi T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g<\/p>\n\n\n\n

William V. Harris\u00a0Ancient Literacy<\/em>\u00a0c\u00edm\u0171 k\u00f6nyv\u00e9nek 1989-es megjelen\u00e9se \u00f3ta a kutat\u00e1s mantrak\u00e9nt ism\u00e9telgeti a szerz\u0151 meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, miszerint a R\u00f3mai Birodalom \u201enyugati provinci\u00e1iban az \u00edr\u00e1stud\u00e1s \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos szintje alig \u00e9rhette el az 5\u201310%-ot\u201d. Harris ezt a becsl\u00e9s\u00e9t arra \u00e9p\u00edtette, hogy R\u00f3m\u00e1ban nem volt k\u00f6telez\u0151 alapfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1s; nem volt sokszoros\u00edt\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1s, amely elegend\u0151 olvasnival\u00f3t adott volna az emberek kez\u00e9be; \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl nem volt olyan fok\u00fa urbaniz\u00e1ci\u00f3, amely el\u0151seg\u00edtette volna az \u00edr\u00e1sbelis\u00e9g elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t. Mindez term\u00e9szetesen igaz, ugyanakkor m\u00e9gsem magyar\u00e1zza meg azt, hogy a 2\u20133. sz\u00e1zadban az \u00edr\u00e1sbelis\u00e9g robban\u00e1sszer\u0171 elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t figyelhetj\u00fck meg a R\u00f3mai Birodalomban. B\u00e1r k\u00f6telez\u0151 alapfok\u00fa oktat\u00e1s val\u00f3ban nem l\u00e9tezett, de eldugott egyiptomi falvakban \u00e9s germaniai villagazdas\u00e1gokban is az iskol\u00e1ztat\u00e1s nyomaival tal\u00e1lkozunk. Mechanikus sokszoros\u00edt\u00f3 elj\u00e1r\u00e1s val\u00f3ban nem volt, de az emberek mindenre \u00edrtak, ami kez\u00fck \u00fcgy\u00e9be esett: a h\u00e1zfalakt\u00f3l a h\u00e1ztart\u00e1si eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k\u00f6n \u00e1t a t\u00f6r\u00f6tt cserepekig, s ezek a firk\u00e1lm\u00e1nyok nemritk\u00e1n magasabb irodalmi m\u0171velts\u00e9gr\u0151l is tan\u00faskodnak. Az \u00f3korban persze modern v\u00e1rosok sem l\u00e9teztek, de a foglalkoz\u00e1sok nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 differenci\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1sa, a k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1s b\u00fcrokratiz\u00e1l\u00f3d\u00e1sa, gazdas\u00e1g globaliz\u00e1ci\u00f3ja \u00e9s az adminisztrat\u00edv appar\u00e1tus megn\u00f6veked\u00e9se mind-mind abba az ir\u00e1nyba mutat, hogy Harris rendk\u00edv\u00fcl alacsony becsl\u00e9s\u00e9t ideje volna fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lnunk.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/object> \u00d3kortudom\u00e1nyi T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g <\/a>Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d3kortudom\u00e1nyi T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2180,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2176"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2181,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2176\/revisions\/2181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scrollinhand.hu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}